Paphiopedilum is a genus of the Lady slipper orchid subfamily Cypripedioideae of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The genus is native to Indo-Malesia (South China, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands) and India.
The species and their hybrids are extensively cultivated, and are known as either paphiopedilums, or by the abbreviation paphs in horticulture.
The type species of this genus is Paphiopedilum insigne.
Paphiopedilum × wenshanense (center), a natural hybrid of the Egg-in-a-nest orchid (P. bellatulum, top right) and P. concolor
The genus name Paphiopedilum was established by Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer in 1886; it is derived from Paphos (a city in Cyprus, a place sacred to Aphrodite. It was said she landed at the site when rose from the sea as her birth.) and Ancient Greek pedilon "slipper".
Ironically, no paphiopedilum occurs on Cyprus – at least not as the
genus is understood today. But it was long mixed up with its Holarctic relative Cypripedium, which indeed grows in the Mediterranean region. Paphiopedilum was finally decided to be a valid taxon in 1959, but its use has become restricted to eastern Asian species in our time.
The species and their hybrids are extensively cultivated, and are known as either paphiopedilums, or by the abbreviation paphs in horticulture.
The type species of this genus is Paphiopedilum insigne.
Taxonomy and systematics
Subdivisions
The genus Paphiopedilum has been divided into several subgenera, and then further into sections and subsections:- Subgenus Parvisepalum
- Subgenus Brachypetalum
- Subgenus Polyantha[verification needed]
- Section Mastigopetalum
- Section Polyantha
- Section Mystropetalum
- Section Stictopetalum
- Section Paphiopedilum
- Section Ceratopetalum
- Section Cymatopetalum
- Section Thiopetalum
- Subgenus Sigmatopetalum
- Section Spathopetalum
- Subsection Macronidium
- Subsection Spathopetalum
- Section Blepharopetalum
- Section Mastersianum
- Section Punctatum
- Section Barbata
- Subsection Lorapetalum
- Subsection Chloroneura
- Section Planipetalum
- Section Venustum
- Section Spathopetalum
- Subgenus Cochlopetalum
Selected species
There are more than 550 taxa in this genus, including some 80 valid species. Some notable species and their natural hybrids are listed here, together with some assorted varieties and forms:- Paphiopedilum acmodontum (Philippines)
- Paphiopedilum adductum
- Paphiopedilum × affine (P. appletonianum × P. villosum) (Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum appletonianum (Hainan to Indochina)
- Paphiopedilum × areeanum (P. barbigerum × P. villosum var. annamense) (China: SE Yunnan)
- Paphiopedilum argus (Philippines: Luzon)
- Paphiopedilum armeniacum – Golden Slipper Orchid
- Paphiopedilum armeniacum fma. markii
- Paphiopedilum armeniacum x jacki
- Paphiopedilum barbatum – Penang Slipper Orchid (Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra)
- Paphiopedilum barbigerum
- Paphiopedilum bellatulum – Egg-in-a-nest orchid (SE Yunnan, Guizhou, S Guangxi to Indochina)
- Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum (Solomon Islands)
- Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum var. bougainvilleanum (Solomon Islands: North Solomons)
- Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum var. saskianum (Solomon Islands: South Solomons)
- Paphiopedilum bullenianum (Malesia)
- Paphiopedilum bullenianum var. bullenianum (W Malaysia)
- Paphiopedilum bullenianum var. celebesense (Sulawesi to Maluku)
- Paphiopedilum × burbidgei (P. dayanum × P. javanicum var. virens) (Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum callosum (Indochina to NW Peninsular Malaysia)
- Paphiopedilum callosum var. callosum (Indochina) (including f. albinum, P. viniferum)
- Paphiopedilum callosum var. potentianum (Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum callosum var. warnerianum (Peninsular Thailand to NW Peninsular Malaysia)
- Paphiopedilum callosum x callosum 'Jac'
- Paphiopedilum charlesworthii
- Paphiopedilum ciliolare
- Paphiopedilum concolor
- Paphiopedilum Conco Lucia
- Paphiopedilum × cribbii Averyanov (S Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum × dalatense (P. callosum × P. villosum var. annamense) (Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum dayanum (Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum delenatii
- Paphiopedilum delenatii x Paph. Doctor Jack
- Paphiopedilum delenatii x glaucophyllum
- Paphiopedilum dianthum
- Paphiopedilum × dixlerianum (P. callosum × P. wardii) (Myanmar)
- Paphiopedilum druryi (S India)
- Paphiopedilum Druryi - kootation
- Paphiopedilum Emerald Magic x In-Charm Topaz
- Paphiopedilum emersonii
- Paphiopedilum × expansum ( P. hennisianum × P. philippinense) (Philippines)
- Paphiopedilum exul (Peninsular Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum fairrieanum (E Himalaya to Assam)
- Paphiopedilum × fanaticum (P. malipoense × P. micranthum) (S China)
- Paphiopedilum fowliei
- Paphiopedilum × frankeanum (P. superbiens × P. tonsum) (Sumatra)
- Paphiopedilum Freckles
- Paphiopedilum gigantifolium (SC Sulawesi)
- Paphiopedilum glanduliferum (NW New Guinea)
- Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum
- Paphiopedilum godefroyae (Peninsular Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum godefroyae forma leucochilum
- Paphiopedilum gratrixianum
- Paphiopedilum × grussianum (P. dianthum × P. hirsutissimum var. esquirolei) (China: Guangxi)
- Paphiopedilum Hamana Island
- Paphiopedilum hangianum Perner & O.Gruss (Yunnan to Vietnam) (including f. album, P. singchii)
- Paphiopedilum hangianum x godefroyae
- Paphiopedilum Harumi (Paph. haynaldianum x Paph. delenatii)
- Paphiopedilum haynaldianum (Philippines: Luzon, Negros)
- Paphiopedilum helenae Aver. (N Vietnam: Cao Bang Province[verification needed]) (includes P. delicatum)
- Paphiopedilum hennisianum (C Philippines)
- Paphiopedilum henryanum (SE Yunnan, Guangxi to N Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum × herrmannii (P. helenae × P. hirsutissimum var. esquirolei) (Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum (Assam to S China)
- Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum var. chiwuanum (China: Yunnan)
- Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum var. esquirolei (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi to N & E Indochina)
- Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum var. hirsutissimum (Assam to Myanmar)
- Paphiopedilum hookerae (Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum hookerae var. hookerae (Borneo: Sarawak, W. Kalimantan)
- Paphiopedilum hookerae var. volonteanum (Borneo: Sabah)
- Paphiopedilum Hsinying Cherry Fairy
- Paphiopedilum insigne (Assam: Meghalaya)
- Paphiopedilum intaniae (Sulawesi)
- Paphiopedilum javanicum (Sumatra, Borneo to Lesser Sunda Islands)
- Paphiopedilum javanicum var. javanicum (Sumatra to Lesser Sunda Islands)
- Paphiopedilum javanicum var. virens (Borneo: Sabah to N Sarawak)
- Paphiopedilum × kimballianum (P. dayanum × P. rothschildianum) (Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu)
- Paphiopedilum kolopakingii (Borneo: C Kalimantan)
- Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum (Borneo - Sarawak, Sabah)
- Paphiopedilum leeanum
- Paphiopedilum leucochilum
- Paphiopedilum liemianum (N. Sumatra)
- Paphiopedilum × littleanum (P. dayanum × P. lawrenceanum) (Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum lowii (W & C Malesia)
- Paphiopedilum lowii var. lowii (W & C Malaysia)
- Paphiopedilum lowii var. lynniae (Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum lowii var. richardianum (Sulawesi)
- Paphiopedilum Lynleigh Koopow
- Paphiopedilum Ma Belle
- Paphiopedilum Makuli
- Paphiopedilum malipoense – Jade Slipper Orchid (including P. jackii)
- Paphiopedilum mastersianum (Lesser Sunda Islands to Maluku)
- Paphiopedilum mastersianum var. mastersianum (Maluku: Ambon, Buru)
- Paphiopedilum mastersianum var. mohrianum (Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores)
- Paphiopedilum × mattesii (P. barbatum × P. bullenianum) (Peninsular Malaysia)
- paphiopedilum maudiae
- Paphiopedilum micranthum – Silver Slipper Orchid, Hard-leaved Pocket Orchid
- Paphiopedilum micranthum var. eburneum
- Paphiopedilum micranthum var. glanzeanum (Albinistic form)
- Paphiopedilum n.r. (bellatulum x vietnamense)
- Paphiopedilum niveum (Peninsular Thailand to N Peninsular Malaysia)
- Paphiopedilum niveum x S. Gratrix
- Paphiopedilum ooii
- Paphiopedilum papuanum (New Guinea)
- Paphiopedilum parishii (Assam to W Yunnan)
- Paphiopedilum × pereirae (P. exul × P. niveum) (Peninsular Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum × petchleungianum (P. dianthum × P. villosum) (China: SE Yunnan)
- Paphiopedilum philippinense (Philippines to N Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum philippinense var. philippinense (Philippines to N Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum philippinense var. roebelenii (Philippines: Luzon)
- Paphiopedilum × powellii (P. callosum × P. exul) (Peninsular Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum × pradhanii (P. fairrieanum × P. venustum) (E Himalaya)
- Paphiopedilum primulinum (Sumatra: S Aceh)
- Paphiopedilum primulinum var. primulinum
- Paphiopedilum primulinum var. purpurascens
- Paphiopedilum purpuratum (S China to Hainan)
- Paphiopedilum purpuratum var. hainanense (Hainan)
- Paphiopedilum purpuratum var. purpuratum (China: Yunnan, Hong Kong, Guangdong)
- Paphiopedilum randsii (Philippines: N Mindanao)
- Paphiopedilum Red Glory 'US' x Pacific
- Paphiopedilum rhizomatosum (Myanmar)
- Paphiopedilum Rosy Dawn
- Paphiopedilum rothschildianum – King of the Paphs
- Paphiopedilum saccopetalum (China: SE Guanxi)
- Paphiopedilum sanderianum (NW Borneo: Gunung Mulu)
- Paphiopedilum sangii (N Sulawesi)
- Paphiopedilum schoseri (Sulawesi to Maluku)
- Paphiopedilum × shipwayae (P. dayanum × P. hookerae). (Borneo)
- Paphiopedilum × siamense (P. appletonianum × P. callosum) (Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum Slipper
- Paphiopedilum spicerianum
- Paphiopedilum × spicerovenustum (P. spiceranum × P. venustum) (Assam)
- Paphiopedilum stonei (Borneo: Sarawak)
- Paphiopedilum stonei var. platyphyllum (Borneo: Sarawak)
- Paphiopedilum stonei var. stonei (Borneo: S Sarawak)
- Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum (Borneo: Sabah)
- Paphiopedilum sukhakulii (NE Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum supardii (Borneo: SE Kalimantan)
- Paphiopedilum superbiens (N & W Sumatra)
- Paphiopedilum thaianum (Thailand)
- Paphiopedilum tigrinum (including P. smaragdinum)
- Paphiopedilum tonsum (Rchb.f.) Stein (N & W Sumatra) (including f. alboviride)
- Paphiopedilum tranlienianum (Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum tranlienianum f. alboviride (Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum urbanianum
- Paphiopedilum usitanum (Philippines)
- Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum (Thailand: Kanchanaburi)
- Paphiopedilum × venustoinsigne (P. insigne × P. venustum) (Assam)
- Paphiopedilum venustum (E Nepal to NE Bangladesh)
- Paphiopedilum venustum album - tribe
- Paphiopedilum.venustum.var.bhutange
- Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae (W Sumatra)
- Paphiopedilum victoria-regina (including P. chamberlainianum)
- Paphiopedilum × vietenryanum (P. gratrixianum × P. henryanum) (China: Yunnan)
- Paphiopedilum vietnamense Gruss & Perner (Vietnam)
- Paphiopedilum villosum (Assam to S China)
- Paphiopedilum villosum var. annamense (Yunnan and Guangxi to Indochina)
- Paphiopedilum villosum var. boxallii (Myanmar)
- Paphiopedilum villosum var. villosum (Assam to Thailand) (including P. densissimum)
- Paphiopedilum violascens (N & E New Guinea, Manus Island)
- Paphiopedilum wardii Summerh. – Rainbow Orchid (SW Yunnan to Myanmar) (including f. alboviride)
- Paphiopedilum wardii var. teestaensis (China: SW Yunnan)
- Paphiopedilum × wenshanense (P. bellatulum × P. concolor, including P. × conco-bellatulum)
- Paphiopedilum wentworthianum (Solomon Islands)
- Paphiopedilum wilhelminae (C New Guinea)
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